APA STYLE: SEVENTH EDITION
These guidelines follow the 2020 7th edition of the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual, which is widely used in the health and social sciences. They focus on documentation, but the manual addresses issues from abbreviations to layout and should be consulted for further information. In an APA-style paper, you’ll identify the author and year of each source any time you use it. That information directs readers to more detailed entries on a reference list at the paper’s end.
Read the book and attempt the quiz at the end of it
2. Direct Quotation
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Narrative Citation |
Parenthetical Citation |
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One author
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Sendak (2015) contended that “imagination is crucial” (p. 2). |
Clearly, “imagination is crucial” (Sendak, 2015, p. 2). |
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Two authors
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According to Sendak and Wise (2010), “Imagination is crucial” (pp. 112-113). |
It is true that “imagination is crucial” (Sendak & Wise, 2010, pp. 112-113). |
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Three+ authors
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“Imagination is crucial,” Sendak et al. (2001) reflected (para. 5). |
“Imagination,” however, “is crucial,” (Sendak et al., 2001, para. 5). |
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Group author, first reference
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The American Library Association (ALA; 2005) has insisted that “imagination is crucial” (para. 2). |
Perhaps “imagination is crucial” (American Library Association [ALA], 2005, para. 2). |
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Group author, late reference
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The ALA (2005) has insisted that “imagination is crucial” (para. 2).
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Perhaps “imagination is crucial” (ALA, 2005, para. 2). |
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Author unknown
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The author of “Feeding Young Minds” (2010) noted that “imagination is crucial” (p. 5). |
One article (2010) claimed that “imagination is crucial” (“Feeding,” 2015, p. 5). |